01
The standard
Minor spelling or formatting fixes that do not change meaning may be updated silently in source history. Changes to facts, interpretation, figures, attribution, safety advice, or conclusions receive a dated correction notice. An expression of concern may be used while a serious unresolved question is investigated. Retraction is reserved for work whose findings are unreliable, unethical, fabricated, plagiarized, or otherwise unsuitable to remain part of the dependable record.
Sources for this section: [1]
02
How it works in practice
Notices state who initiated review, the affected version, the reason, evidence considered, and whether conclusions change, without defamatory speculation. Original research files and DOI versions are coordinated with Zenodo; the Kadomony page remains accessible and clearly marked rather than disappearing. Spanish and Japanese notices link to the same canonical event, and related public explanations are reviewed for downstream changes.
Sources for this section: [1]
Sources
- Retraction guidelinesCommittee on Publication Ethics · 2019